Fundamentals of the Internet - Short Questions

Fundamentals of the Internet - Short Questions. This post contains the most important and more conceptual short questions with answers of Computer Science, ICS Part 1, Chapter No.10: Fundamentals of the Internet, for the examinations and interview questions for jobs:

 

Chapter No.10
Fundamentals of The Internet

Short Questions & Answers

Q.1: What is ARPANET?

Answer:

The government of the United States started a project in the 1960s to develop an efficient system of data communication. Under this project, a network of 4 computers were established in September 1969 in the US. The network was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) and it was developed to allow scientists at different locations to share information and collaborate on military and scientific projects.

 

Q.2: What is NSFNET?

Answer:

In 1989, all previous networks were replaced by NSFNET (National Science Foundation’s Network). This was an important decision. Now, the network could be used for civilian purposes also, and the use and applications of the Internet grew rapidly.

 

Q.3: Describe the history of the Internet?

Answer:

In 1969, ARPA established a small computer network among different universities and defense organizations. In 1989, NSF established five supercomputing centers that were available to all researchers for academic purposes. The authorities decided to link ARPANET, NSFNET and other small networks so that they can communicate with each other. This link among different networks is referred to as the Internet.  

 

Q.4: What is mean by addressing schemes?

Answer:

Every computer connected to a network has a unique address. A computer is accessed by its address. These addresses are assigned according to a set of rules. These are called addressing schemes.

On the Internet, two types of addressing schemes are used:

• IP addressing
• DNS addressing

 

Q.5: Define IP addressing scheme?

Answer:

Each machine on the Internet is assigned a unique address called an IP (Internet Protocol) address. In the TCP/IP, a unique IP address is used to identify each host. An IP address consists of 32-bits. The 32-bits are subdivided into four groups of 8-bits, known as octets and they can have values between 0 and 255, which are `2^8` possibilities per octet.

A typical IP address looks like this:

216.27.61.137

 

Q.6: What is DNS addressing scheme?

Answer:

DNS (Domain Name System) provides a user-friendly address scheme. Because most people have trouble remembering the strings of numbers that make up IP address, and IP address sometimes needs to change, all servers on the Internet also have human-readable names, called domain names. For example, www.studyspot.pk is a permanent, human-readable name. It is easier for most of us to remember it than it is to remember an IP address.

 

Q.7: Define domain? Also, write some top-level domains.

Answer:

The domain represents the institution that uses the address. These domain names are called top-level domains. Following is a list of top-level domains:

.com      Business (commercial)

.edu       educational institutes

.gov       Government organizations

.mil         Military organizations

.org        other organizations

 

Q.8: Differentiate between Web Browsing and Web Browser?

Answer:

Searching information on the Internet is referred to as Web Browsing. Software that is used to search and view web pages is known as Web Browser. Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Mozilla Firefox are examples of Web Browsers.

 

Q.9: What is WWW or 3W?

Answer:

The millions of linked documents stored on computers permanently connected to the Internet throughout the world are called the WWW (World Wide Web). It is the most popular information retrieval tool on the Internet.

 

Q.10: Differentiate between web page and website?

Answer:

A web page is a document that written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). The language allows embedding hyperlinks in the document. A hypertext document is also called a web page. A website is a collection of related web pages.

 

Q.11: Differentiate between Publishing the Page and Web Server?

Answer:

The process of launching a web page is called publishing the page. Websites are hosted on server computers on the Internet. These computers are called web servers.

 

Q.12: What is a URL or Site Address?

Answer:

Each website has a unique name called the site address. It is also called a domain name or URL (Uniform Resource Locator). It consists of a definite path that tells the browser how and from where to get the information. It is made up of two or more names separated by dots.

The general format of the URL is as follows:

Type://address/path/

Example:

https://www.studyspot.pk/

 

Q.13: What is a search engine?

Answer:

A website that uses powerful data searching techniques to help the user locate websites containing specific types of contents or information is known as a search engine. Google.com, ask.com, altavista.com are very popular search engines.

 

Q.14: What is E-mail?

Answer:

E-mail (Electronic Mail) is a system for delivering messages over the Internet. An e-mail sender or recipient can be anywhere in the world. Although e-mail is mainly used for sending messages in plain text, but graphics, sounds, video clips, and other computer data files can also be attached to it.

 

Q.15: Differentiate between E-mail client and E-mail server?

Answer:

The E-mail client is an e-mail program that is used to create, send and receive e-mail. The E-mail server is a host computer on the Internet which keeps track of information about millions of e-mail account holders. The server checks the address you have typed and figures out where the recipient e-mail serve is.

 

Q.16: What is an E-mail address?

Answer:

Each mailbox has a distinct path. This path of the mailbox is called an e-mail address. When the e-mail is sent to a person, it reaches his/her mailbox and is stored in it as a file.

An e-mail address consists of two parts. It looks like this:

User_Name@DNS Address

Example:

abc@gmail.com

 

Q.17: Describe some limitations of E-mail?

Answer:

Following are some important limitations of e-mails:

• E-mail is not necessarily private
• It is possible to forge e-mail
• You can receive too much or unwanted e-mails
•  It is difficult to express emotion using e-mail
• People may misrepresent themselves
• Some email system can send/receive text files only

 

Q.18: What is e-mail attachment?

Answer:

Attachment is a powerful feature of e-mail, which enables you to enclosed additional files with your email. You can attach MS Word documents, spreadsheets, images, even audio files to your email messages when using email programs that support the internet protocol for multimedia attachments i.e. MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension).

 

Q.19: What is a Newsgroup?

Answer:

A newsgroup is a discussion group where people exchange ideas, opinions, and views. It is like a big message board on which people post questions, news, and comments, or read and responds to such messages posted on the newsgroup by other users.

 

Q.20: Define News Server?

Answer:

A news server is a host computer that exchanges articles with other servers on the Internet. These servers use NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) to communicate.

 

➤ Fundamentals of the Internet - MCQs
➤ Word Processing - MCQs
➤ Windows Operating System - MCQs
➤ Security Copyright & The Law - Short Questions
➤ Computer Architecture - Short Questions
➤ Computer Architecture - MCQs
➤ Applications and Uses of Computer - Short Questions
➤ Applications and Uses of Computer - MCQs
➤ Data Communication - MCQs 
➤ Data Communication - Short Questions
➤ Information Networks - Short Questions
➤ Information Networks - MCQs
➤ Basics of IT - MCQs
➤ Basics of IT - Short Questions