Information Networks Short Questions
and Answers -4. This is the 4th post
for ICS Part-I | 1st Year Computer Science Chapter
No.2. The given short questions along with answers are important for the
final exams.
We
have tried our best to make the important short questions and answers from
this chapter (Information Networks). This post covers the different
topics i.e. network, its advantages, and its types (LAN, MAN, AND WAN),
peer-to-peer and client/server network model, network standards (de facto and
de jure), network topologies (Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, and Mesh), and OSI
reference model along with its layers.
The maximum and possible short questions and answers of the
remaining chapters will be published soon, so stay tuned for more short
questions | MCQs | Online Test / Quiz.
Chapter No.2: Information Networks
Short Questions and Answers - 4
Q.1: What is a LAN?
Answer:
A LAN (Local Area Network) covers short distances. It usually consists of
a network of computers within one office or a building or a group of buildings.
Q.2: Define network? Also, write its some advantages/benefits?
Answer:
A network is a way to connect computers together so that they can
communicate, exchange information, and pool their resources amongst each other. Following
are some advantages of the network:
- Simultaneous access to shared programs and data
- Sharing of peripheral devices
- Teleconferencing and videoconferencing
Q.3: Differentiate between MAN and WAN?
Answer:
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a communications network covering a
geographical area the size of a city. Mobile phone systems are often MANs.
WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network of geographically distant computer
terminals. It is two or more LANs connected together across a wide geographical
area using the connectivity. The internet is the ultimate WAN that connects
many thousands of computers over the world.
Q.4: Write some advantages of client/server architecture?
Answer:
- Client/server architecture has the following advantages:
- Most secure network
- Allows faster response at each node
- It supports a large number of users
Q.5: What is a peer-to-peer network?
Answer:
All computers in a peer-to-peer arrangement have equal status. No one has
control over others. Lack of security and lack of speed are the main disadvantages
of the peer-to-peer network.
Q.6: What is a network standard?
Answer:
The standards are the precise documents containing technical and physical
specifications about the network being designed. Normally those standards are
taken into considerations, which are worldwide acceptable.
Q.7: Differentiate between De facto and De jure standards?
Answer:
De facto Standards: De facto means “by tradition” or “by facts”. These standards
are most commonly used by organizations worldwide.
De jure Standards: De jure means “according to law” or “regulation”. The networks
governing body have properly approved these standards. Few of these governing
bodies are ANSI, IEEE, ISO, EIA, and Telecordia.
Q.8: Define the network topology?
Answer:
Topology refers to the layout or shape of connected devices on a network.
Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, and Mesh are the types of network topology.
Q.9: Define Bus topology?
Answer:
Bus networks use a common backbone to connect all devices. A single
cable, the backbone functions as a shared communication medium, that devices
attach or tap into with an interface connector.
Q.10: What is a Ring topology?
Answer:
In a Ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for
communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same
direction. A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down
the entire network. The "token" passing scheme is used in this topology.
Q.11: Define Star topology?
Answer:
Star network features a central connection point called a hub that may be an actual hub or a switch. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) ethernet. Today many LANs use the star topology.
Q.12: What is Tree topology?
Answer:
Tree topology integrates multiple star topologies together onto a bus. In
its simplest form, only hub devices connect directly to the tree buys, and each
hub functions as the root of a tree of devices.
Q.13: Define Mesh topology?
Answer:
In a mesh topology, each device is physically connected to every other
device on the network. Thus messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several
possible paths from source to destination. This increases performance and
reliability. Some WANs like the internet, employ mesh routing.
Q.14: What is the OSI Reference Model?
Answer:
OSI (Open System Interconnection) is a networking reference model. It was
developed by ISO to provide a logical framework for how data communication processes
should interact across networks. Its purpose is to open communication between
networked systems regardless of technology, vendor, or country of origin.
Q.15: Differentiate between upper layers and lower layers?
Answer:
The upper layers focus on user applications and how files are represented
on the computers prior to transport whereas the lower layers concentrate on how
the communication across a network actually occurs.
Q.16: Define Application layer?
Answer:
The Application layer provides network services to user applications. It is
responsible for exchanging information between programs running on the machine
and other services running on a network.
Q.17: Define the Presentation layer?
Answer:
Presentation layer concerned with how data is converted and formatted for
data transfer. This layer performs code conversion data translation,
compression, and encryption.
Q.18: Define Session layer?
Answer:
The Session layer determines how two devices establish, maintain, and manage a
connection – how they talk to each other. These sessions are called sessions.
Q.19: Define Transport layer?
Answer:
Transport layer responsible for breaking the data into segments,
establishing an end-to-end logical connection between machines, and providing
for error handling.
Q.20: Define the Network layer?
Answer:
Network layer responsible for determining addressing on the network
determining the routes that information will take on its journey, and managing
network traffic congestion. Data at this level is packaged into packets.
Q.21: Define the Data Link layer?
Answer:
The Data-link layer provides the link for how data, packaged into frames
communicated through hardware to be transported across a medium. It communicates
with network cards, manages physical layer communications between connecting
systems and handles error notification.
Q.22: Define Physical layer?
Answer:
The Physical layer specifies how data is processed into bits and physically
transferred over medium, such as cables. It is responsible for activating and maintaining
the physical link between systems.
➤ Information Networks - Short Questions Set-1
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