Chapter No.2: Information Networks
Short Questions and Answers - 3
Q.1: What is a gateway?
Answer:
A gateway is a collection of hardware and software resources that
lets a node communicate with a computer on another different network. It contains
devices such as protocol translators, rate converters, signal translators, etc.
Q.2: Define a router?
Answer:
A router is a device that connects two or more networks, it consists
of a combination of hardware and software. The hardware can be a network
server, a separate computer, or a special black box device. The two main pieces
of software in a router are the operating system and the routing protocol. Management
software can be another software component of a router.
Q.3: What is network protocol?
Answer:
The set of rules for the exchange of data between computers connected toa
network is called network protocol. It deals with the following issues:
- How sending the computer sends the data?
- How the destination computer will receive the data?
- How the data will be represented?
- How the errors will be handled?
Q.4: Define Ethernet protocol?
Answer:
Ethernet is the most commonly used protocol. It uses a high-speed
network cable and bus topology, so it is relatively simple and cheaper. Since all
the nodes use the same cable to send and receive data. Ethernet uses an access
method called CSMA/CS (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Sense).
Q.5: Differentiate between fast ethernet and gigabit ethernet?
Answer:
Fast Ethernet: To allow for an increased speed of transmission,
the Ethernet protocol has developed a new standard that supports 100 Mbps. It
requires the use of more expensive network hubs, network interface cards (NIC)
and twisted pair or fiber optic cable.
Gigabit Ethernet: The most recent development in the Ethernet standard
is a protocol that has a transmission speed of 1 Gbps. Gigabit Ethernet is primarily
used for backbones on a network. It can be used with fiber optic cabling or
copper cables.
Q.6: What is CSMA / CS?
Answer:
In CSMA/CS (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Sense), each computer listens to the cable before sending anything
through the network. If the network is clear, the computer will transmit. If some
other node is already transmitting on the cable, the computer will wait and try
again when the line is clear.
Q.7: What is CSMA/CD?
Answer:
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection)
defines what happens when two devices sense a clear channel, then attempt to
transmit at the same time a collision occurs, and both devices stop transmission,
wait for a random amount of time then retransmit.
Q.8: What is CSMA/CR?
Answer:
CSMA/CR (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Resolution)
allows multiple devices to talk at once, a protocol determines which device receives
priority.
Q.9: What method does Token Ring use to control access to the network?
Answer:
Token Ring uses token passing to control access to the network.
A token is a special series of bits. It travels around the communication
medium in the network. When a node wishes to send a message, it first gets the
token. It changes its status to busy, adds the address of the receiving computer to
it, and sends the data.
Q.10: Define the ARCnet protocol?
Answer:
ARCnet (Attached Resource Computer NETwork) is a LAN
protocol. It has both topology and networking technology all its own. It uses
either twisted-pair wire or coaxial cable, and the star topology is informed
with hubs attached to the network.
Q.11: What is TCP/IP?
Answer:
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) was
developed in 1973 for use in ARPANET. Since then, TCP/IP has developed
into a protocol used by both LANs and WANs. It is a suite of protocols. All devices
on the internet are required to use TCP/IP. It manages the transmission of data by
breaking it up into packets.
Q.12: What is packet switching?
Answer:
TCP/IP manages the transmission of data by breaking it up into
packets. This technique of breaking a message into small packets, sending the
packets along the best route available and then reassembling them is called packet
switching.
Q.13: What is ISDN?
Answer:
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of international
communication standards for software control of transmission of voice, video,
and data simultaneously as digital signals over twisted-pair telephone lines. It
provides better quality at higher speeds than analog connections. BRI (Basic
Rate Interface) and PRI (Primary Rate Interface) are two
types of ISDN.
Q.14: What is DSL?
Answer:
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a new technology and
provides high-speed, digital data transmission over existing telephone lines. The
exiting lines are analog and the transmission is digital, so modems are
necessary with DSL technology. DSL is a popular alternative to ISDN.
Q.15: What is ADSL?
Answer:
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a type of DSL
that supports faster transfer rates when receiving data (downstream rate)
then when sending data (upstream rate). ADSL is ideal for
internet access because most users download more information from the internet
then they upload.
➤ Information Networks - Short Questions Set-1
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