Chapter No.8: Getting Started With C
Short Questions and Answers - 2
Q.1: What is #define directive?
Answer:
#define directive is used to define a
constant macro.
Syntax: #define Macro_Name expression
Example: #define
PI 3.142857
Q.2: Define expression?
Answer:
The expression may be constant,
arithmetic expression, or a string. C preprocessor replaces each occurrence of
the identifier Macro_Name with the value of the expression. The expression of the
identifier Macro_Name can not be changed during the program execution.
Q.3: What is Constant Macro?
Answer:
It is a name that is replaced by a
particular constant value before the program is sent to the computer.
Q.4: Define the function main?
Answer:
In fact, main is the function where the
execution of the C program begins, every C program has a main function. The
rest of the lines of the program forms the body of the main function, the body is
enclosed in braces { and }.
Q.5: Define void word in void main
(void)?
Answer:
The firs void represents the data type
of the value that is returned by the function, which means the function main
returns nothing.
The second void enclosed in parenthesis
describes that the function main does not accept any argument.
Q.6: Define the term arguments?
Answer:
Arguments can be passed to the main
function and it can also return a value.
Q.7: Define body of the main function?
Answer:
The rest of the lines of function main
forms the body of the main function, the body of the main function is enclosed
in curly braces i.e. { and }.
Q.8: What are delimiters?
Answer:
Next to the function definition are
braces, which indicate the beginning and end of the function body. These braces
are called delimiters. { indicates opening of the main function whereas {
indicates closing of main function.
Q.9: Define statement terminator?
Answer:
Every statement in a C program
terminates with a semicolon (;). If any of the statement is missing the
statement terminator, the compiler will report “Statement missing” error
message.
Q.10: What is the purpose of printf
function?
Answer:
It is used to display the output of the
program on the screen. The “stdio.h” header file contains the details of printf
function; therefore, it must be included.
Q.11: What are bugs and debugging?
Answer:
The programmer may come across errors
while writing a computer program, these errors are called bugs and processing
of finding and removing these bugs is called debugging.
Q.12: What is syntax error?
Answer:
A syntax error occurs when the program
violates one or more grammar rules of C language. Compiler detects these errors
as it attempts to translate the program. If syntax error exists, it can not be
translated and the program could not be executed.
Q.13: What is run time error?
Answer:
A runtime error occurs when the program
directs the computer to perform an illegal operation, such as dividing a number
by zero. Runtime error is detected and displayed by the computer during the
execution of a program.
Q.14: What is logical error?
Answer:
A logical error occurs when a program
follows a faulty algorithm. The compiler or computer can not detect logical
error; therefore, no error message is reported and doesn’t program crashed due
to logical error. Logical errors can only be detected by thorough testing of
the program
Q.15: Define Machine language?
Answer:
Machine language is the native language
of the computer. The computer does not need any translator to understand this
language.
Q.16: Define assembly language. What are
mnemonics?
Answer:
In assembly language, machine language
instructions are replaced with English-like words known as mnemonics. An
assembler is used to translate assembly language programs into machine
language.
Q.17: Define high-level language?
Answer:
Programming languages whose instructions
resemble the English language are called high-level languages. Every high
language defines a set of rules for writing programs called the syntax of the language.
Q.18: Describe applications of FORTRAN
and COBOL?
Answer:
FORTRAN (Formula Translation) has very
powerful mathematical capabilities while COBOL (Common Business Oriented
Language) is ideal for writing business applications.
Q.19: Describe applications of Java
language?
Answer:
Java is a high-level language and equipped with strong network programming features.
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