Basics of IT, Questions and
Answers. This is the 3rd post about 1st Year | ICS
Part-I Computer Science Chapter No.1: (Basics of IT) | Short
Questions and Answers.
The following objective
questions are very important for the final examinations of all Boards
of Punjab as well as Pakistan:
Chapter No.1: Basics of Information Technology
Short Questions and Answers - 3
Q.1: What is MICR?
Answer:
MICR stands for Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition.
It is a method of machine-reading characters made of magnetized particles. MICR
characters, which are printed with magnetized ink, are read by MICR equipment,
producing a digitized signal, which goes to the computer as data for further
processing.
Q.2: Define OMR?
Answer:
OMR stands for Optical
Mark-Recognition. Optical recognition systems use a light beam to scan input
data to convert it into electrical/digital signals, which are then sent to
the computers for further processing. For example, OMR is used to read the SAT
and GRE marks.
Q.3: What is OCR?
Answer:
OCR stands for Optical Character-Recognition.
It uses a device that reads preprinted characters in a particular font and
converts them to digital code. The common examples are some utility bills, and
price tags in the department stores.
Q.4: Define Magnetic-Strip Cards?
Answer:
It has a strip of magnetically encoded
data on its back. They are used for personal identification during driving, in
the stores, at public places, etc.
Q.5: Define smart cards?
Answer:
It looks like a credit card but a
microprocessor and memory chip has been added additionally. When inserted into
a reader, it exchanges data with the corresponding information on a central
computer. A mobile sim card and ATM card are good examples of smart cards.
Q.6: What is a Fax Machine?
Answer:
The fax or facsimile transmission machine
scans an image and sends it as electrical signals over telephone lines to a receiving
fax machine, which re-creates the image on paper. It has two types.
Q.7: Differentiate between dedicated fax machine and fax modem?
Answer:
Dedicated fax machines are the normal fax
machines whereas, the fax modem is a circuit board inside the system unit. It has
the capability to send signals directly to someone else’s fax machine or computer
fax modem, from computer to computer.
Q.8: What is an Image system?
Answer:
Image scanner (graphic scanner) converts
text, drawings, and photographs into digital form and stores it on the computer
system for further processing.
Q.9: Define raster graphics?
Answer:
Raster graphics refers to the technique of
representing a graphic image as a matrix of dots.
Q.10: Define the audio input device?
Answer:
An audio input device records analog sound
and translates it for digital storage and processing. The microphone is mostly used
as an audio input device.
Q.11: What is a sound/audio board?
Answer:
Sound (analog form) goes through a special
circuit board called an audio board, which converts analog sound to digital
form and stores it for further processing and/or plays it back.
Q.12: Define video input device?
Answer:
Films and video images from VCR or
camcorder are converted to digital form with the help of a special digitizing
card is called a video input card. It has two types.
Q.13: Differentiate between frame-grabber and full-motion video card?
Answer:
Frame-grabber video card capture and
digitize only a single frame at a time. Full-motion video card also known as adapters can convert analog to digital signals at the rate of up to 30 frames per
second, giving the effect of a continuously flowing motion picture.
Q.14: What is a digital camera?
Answer:
A digital camera uses a light-sensitive
processor chip to capture photographic images in digital form on a small disk
inserted in the camera or on flash-memory chips. The digital form is then
uploaded to the computer for manipulation and printing out.
Q.15: Differentiate between softcopy (sound) output and hardcopy output?
Answer:
Softcopy: It refers to data that is shown
on a display screen or is in audio or voice form. It is not tangible; it cannot
be touched. Virtual reality and robots might also be considered softcopy devices.
Hardcopy: It refers to printed output. The principal
examples are printout, whether text or graphics, from printers, plotters, etc.
Q.16: Define the display screen?
Answer:
Also known as CRTs, Monitors, or simply
screens differ in size, color, resolution, and video display adapter card.
These are used for inputting the data or displaying the information after
processing.
Q.17: What is a resolution?
Answer:
All the characters and images on a monitor
are made up of dot patterns; the number of dot, or pixels, per inch, determines
resolution. The number of pixels in matrix form in an inch is called
resolution.
Q.18: Define video display adapters / video graphics card / video controller?
Answer:
It is a circuit board that determines the
resolution, number of colors, and speed with which images appear on the display
screen. There are different types of graphics cards.
Q.19: What is a VGA?
Answer:
Video Graphics Array, support 16-256
colors, depending on screen resolution. At 320 x 200 pixels, it will support 16
colors and at 640 x 480 pixels, 256 colors. It is called 4-bit color.
Q.20: What is SVGA?
Answer:
Super Video Graphics Array, support 256
colors at higher resolution than VGA. It has two graphics modes: 800 x 600
pixels and 1024 x 768 pixels. It is called 8-bit color.
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